Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett's *The Spirit Level* demonstrated how less equal societies perform

Richard Wilkinson and Kate Pickett's *The Spirit Level* demonstrated how less equal societies perform worse across various social measures, including health, education, and wellbeing. This work significantly heightened public awareness of inequality's impacts.

Their subsequent book, *The Inner Level*, argues that societies built on fundamental equality, sharing, and reciprocity foster greater wellbeing. It contrasts these with societies driven by excessive individualism and aggression, offering new perspectives on how we should organize our collective lives.

The Pathways to Planetary Health initiative at the Garrison Institute hosted an online forum on June 24. Garrison Institute Co-founder Jonathan F.P. Rose joined Kate Raworth, Leonora Grcheva, and

The Pathways to Planetary Health initiative at the Garrison Institute hosted an online forum on June 24. Garrison Institute Co-founder Jonathan F.P. Rose joined Kate Raworth, Leonora Grcheva, and Erinch Sahan from Doughnut Economics Action Lab (DEAL) to explore Doughnut Economics. This framework defines the goal of economics as "social and ecological wellbeing rather than growth."

The discussion highlighted its global application. Kate Raworth introduced the concept, followed by Leonora Grcheva's insights on city implementation and Erinch Sahan's perspective on business applications. This insightful forum, reflecting the Garrison Institute's "Timeless Wisdom, Timely Action," offered ideas for improving the quality of life for all.

Handwashing effectively combats coronavirus through a two-pronged attack. The virus possesses a weak outer membrane, which proper handwashing technique, especially with soap, breaks apart. Soap's

Handwashing effectively combats coronavirus through a two-pronged attack. The virus possesses a weak outer membrane, which proper handwashing technique, especially with soap, breaks apart. Soap's unique hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties allow it to grab onto the virus and then be rinsed away by water, removing the virus from your hands. Washing for at least 20 seconds is crucial for this process.

Dr. Kate Biberdorf, a scientist and professor at the University of Texas, explains this mechanism. Known for her engaging approach to science, Dr. Biberdorf is also the author of *Kate the Chemist: The Big Book of Experiments*, available here.

Economist Kate Raworth challenges traditional thinking with her "Doughnut Economics" concept. This framework, first published by Oxfam in 2012, outlines social and planetary boundaries for

Economist Kate Raworth challenges traditional thinking with her "Doughnut Economics" concept. This framework, first published by Oxfam in 2012, outlines social and planetary boundaries for sustainable development. It has gained international recognition, influencing the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals.

Raworth is a senior visiting research associate at Oxford University and a senior associate at the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership. She has presented her ideas globally and is authoring *Doughnut Economics: seven ways to think like a 21st century economist*, due in Spring 2016.

Watch her video, "Introducing 'The Doughnut' of social and planetary boundaries for development," here. Learn more at www.kateraworth.com and follow her on Twitter @KateRaworth.