Dr. Peter Victor, Professor and past-Dean of Environmental Studies at York University, argues that economic growth, the primary global policy objective, is unsustainable. Its long-term viability is increasingly questioned due to environmental impacts, resource scarcity, and its failure to significantly improve happiness, eliminate poverty, or create full employment.

A simulation model of the Canadian economy demonstrates that full employment, poverty eradication, reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and fiscal balance are achievable without economic growth. Victor advocates shifting focus from growth to specific objectives directly related to human and planetary well-being.